Aluminium ndiyo chinhu chesimbi chinowanikwa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Ndiyo simbi isina ferrous ine yechipiri yakakura kubuda uye kushandiswa munyika mushure mesimbi. Iyo ine yakaderera density, inenge 1/3 yesimbi. Sezvo aruminiyamu yakachena yakapfava uye ine simba rakaderera, naizvozvo, nekuwedzera zvishoma zvinhu zvakadai se magnesium, mhangura, zinc, silicon, uye lithium kualuminium, kushanda kwealuminium alloy kuri nani. Aluminium alloys ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa nonferrous metal structural materials muindastiri nekuda kweakanakisa ma mechanika ezvivakwa uye kushora. Iwo akashandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka, aerospace, mota, kugadzira michina, kuvaka ngarava uye maindasitiri emakemikari.
Aluminium alloys ane zvakanakisa zvivakwa mumakanika uye chemistry:
① Mechanical aspects, anonyanya kuratidzwa mukudzikira kwakaderera, kusimba kwepamusoro, yakakwira modulus, nezvimwewo. Aluminium ine density yakaderera uye yakareruka kupfuura mamwe simbi, 1/4 chete yesimbi, saka yakakodzera kushandiswa muminda ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvehuremu;
② Panyaya yemakemikari zvivakwa, sezvo aluminium alloy inogona kugadzira dense oxide firimu pamusoro payo mumhepo, inogona kuzvidzivirira kubva kune yakadzika oxidation. Naizvozvo, ine yakanakisa corrosion resistance uye yakagadzikana kwazvo kemikari.
③Aluminium alloy ine purasitiki yakanaka uye inogona kugadziriswa mumaprofile akasiyana. Iyo ine yakanakisa magetsi uye yekupisa conductivity. Nokudaro, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri, uye kushandiswa kwayo ndeyechipiri kune simbi.
Parizvino, kune anopfuura 250 aruminiyamu alloys ane akasiyana maumbirwo muindasitiri. Kuti ufambise mutsauko, zvinoenderana neakasiyana alloy nziyo, China inotora iyo inogamuchirwa pasi rese-mana mana-giredhi giredhi nzira yekufambisa yekumaka nzvimbo yekugadzira, ndangariro uye kuverenga manejimendi. Maaluminium alloys anoshandiswa muindasitiri yemauto anonyanya kusanganisira aruminiyamu-lithium alloys, 2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) akatevedzana uye 7XXX akatevedzana aruminiyamu alloys.
Kudiwa kwemusika uye kusimudzira maitiro eakasiyana aluminium alloy zvinhu
2XXX akatevedzana aluminium alloy
2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) akateedzana aruminiyamu alloys ane yakanyanya kusimba simba, kuoma uye kuneta simba, yakanaka kupisa kupisa, kugadzirisa uye welding zvivakwa, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muaerospace, mota uye maindasitiri ezvombo. Iwo magiredhi makuru ndeye 2A01, 2A02, 2A06, 2A11, 2A12, etc. Mutsara wealloys wakagadzirwa kuti uvandudze simba, kuoma kwekuenzanisa, uye kukanganisa kushivirira, senge 2024, 2124, 2524, 2324 alloys, nezvimwe.
Michina yemhando yemidziyo yeChina iri kusimukira munzira yekureruka, hupenyu hurefu, kuvimbika kwakanyanya uye mutengo wakaderera, uye ine zvinodikanwa zvakanyanya zvekuomarara kwekutsemuka, kuputika kupararira kuramba uye kushorwa kweiyo fuselage ganda zvinhu. Zvichienderana ne2024-T351 aluminium alloy gobvu ndiro, nyika dzekunze dzakagadzira 2324, 2624 uye mamwe aruminiyamu ekukuvadza alloys epazasi bapiro repasi nesimba rakasiyana, kuoma, kuneta uye kusimba kwekuramba, uye vakawana kugadzwa nekushandisa. China iri kuvandudza kukuvara kwakanyanya kushivirira 2XXX akatevedzana aluminium alloys. Mune ramangwana, composite microalloying ichave yakakosha nzira yekusimudzira yeAl-Cu-Mg yakatevedzana yakakwirira-simba aruminiyamu alloys.
4XXX akatevedzana aluminium alloy
Parizvino, eutectic uye hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys anonyanya kushandiswa kumotokari pistons muChina. Nekudaro, nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kweinjini kuita zvinodiwa, zvakaoma kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuita. Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy ine yakaderera density, diki mutsara wekuwedzera coefficient, yakakwirira kupfeka kuramba uye kugadzikana kwevhoriyamu, uye iri yakanakisa piston zvinhu zvichienzaniswa ne eutectic Al-Si alloys. Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy pistons akagadzirwa-zhinji kunze kwenyika uye akaiswa kumarori nemota, senge A390 alloy muUnited States, AC9A uye AC8A (ZL109) alloys muJapan, uye A390 alloy muAustralia. Nekudaro, parizvino kune vashoma vanogadzira muChina vanogadzira hypereutectic Al-Si alloy pistons, uye mazhinji acho anovimba nekunze. Pamusoro pezvo, pane mukaha mukuru pakati pemotokari turbocharger aluminium alloy zvinhu uye nyika dzekunze. Yepamusoro-inoshanda mota turbocharger aluminium alloy zvinhu zvinonyanya kuvimba neJapan nedzimwe nyika. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kugadzira akakosha emotokari aruminiyamu alloy zvinhu zvepamusoro-inoshanda pistons uye turbocharger impellers.
5XXX Series Aluminium Alloys
Al-Mg alloys, kunyanya maal-Mg alloys ane yakakwira Mg zvemukati, ane yakakwirira chaiyo simba, yakanaka weldability uye corrosion resistance, uye anozove zvinhu zvinokwikwidza zvakanyanya mune ramangwana aerospace, zvitima zvinomhanya-mhanya, makungwa nemimwe minda. Parizvino, Al-Mg alloy plates, profiles uye welding waya dzeaerospace, zvitima, nyanza uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinonyanya kutsamira kune kunze kwenyika. Musika wepamusoro-welding wewaya musika unongogarwa neALCOA muUnited States. ER5183 uye ER5356 alloys anonyanya kuvimba nekutenga kunze kwenyika, uye vhoriyamu yekuunza inoverengera inosvika makumi manomwe muzana ekutengesa kwavo. Al-Mg alloys yezvikepe inonyanya kuvimba neRussia. Yakajairwa ingots yealloys ine yakakwira Mg yemukati ine yakagadziridzwa dendrites, yakanyanya eutectic phase segregation, uye kutadza kuumba kuita. Nzira dzemazuva ano dzekugadzirisa dzichine matambudziko akawanda, akadai sekushanda kwakaderera, hutsika husina kunaka, maitiro akareba, unhu husina kugadzikana, uye goho rakaderera. Sub-kukurumidza kusimba uye kuumba kunogona kutadzisa kunaya kweMg, uye panguva imwe chete inogona kudzorwa kuti iwane yakanaka equiaxed makristasi uye nano-yakanaya zvikamu, zvakanyanya kuvandudza mashandiro uye kufanana kwezvinhu. Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kwe-sub-kukurumidza solidification inoenderera mberi rheological extrusion uye inotenderedza tekinoroji yemhando yepamusoro Al-Mg alloys inotarisirwa kuzadzisa kudiwa kwemhando yepamusoro Al-Mg alloys.
6XXX Series Aluminium Alloys
6XXX akatevedzana aruminiyamu alloy zvinhu zvinhu zvakakosha mundima dzenjanji, mota, zvemagetsi, nezvimwe. Kubva kuma1980, nyika dzakabudirira nematunhu akaita seEurope, United States, neJapan dzakagadzira maaluminium alloys emotokari, magiredhi akanyoreswa akaita se6009, 6016, 6010, 6010, 6012, 6012 uye 6012 602 kugadzirwa kwakakwana uye hurongwa hwekushandisa kwemotokari muviri mapaneru, extrusions, forgings, etc. Tsvakurudzo yeindasitiri nekuvandudzwa kwe6XXX akatevedzana aruminiyamu alloy body panels uye forgings muChina ichangotanga, uye pane gaka rakajeka. Bazi reMaindasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji rekuChina rakakurudzira kuti mashizha ealuminium aruminiyamu agadziriswe ndeaya: 6016-S, 6016-IH, 6016-IBR, 6A16-S, 6A16-IBR, 6022, nezvimwewo isingasviki 0.60, imwe 60 d yokupaka goho simba Rp0.2 pamusoro kwete asingasviki 140 N/mm2 uye pendi kuomesa goho simba kuwedzera kwete asingasviki 80 N/mm2 . Mukupindura kune zvakasiyana zvinodiwa, kuvandudza kwekugadzira, kugadzirira uye kugadzirisa tekinoroji ye6XXX akateedzana aruminiyamu alloys yave isingadzivisike maitiro ebudiriro.
7XXX Series Aluminium Alloys
7XXX akatevedzana aruminiyamu alloys ane yakanaka kusagadzikana corrosion kuramba uye ndiwo akasimba akatevedzana pakati pearuminiyamu alloys. Iwo anozivikanwa pasi rose seaviation backbone materials. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyika dzekune dzimwe nyika dzakagadzira 7055 alloy (Al8Zn-2.05Mg-2.3Cu-0.16Zr), iyo chibereko chekunetseka chinodarika 620 MPa munharaunda yeT77511. Inoshandiswa muBoeing 777 ndege uye inoderedza uremu ne635 kg. Parizvino, China inoshaya yakarongeka alloy dhizaini uye kugadzirira uye kugadzirisa tekinoroji ye7XXX akatevedzana aruminiyamu alloys yekubhururuka, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinotsamira zvakakwana kune kunze kwenyika. Nekuda kwemaingo akakura e7XXX akatevedzana aruminiyamu alloys ane akawanda alloy element, yakafara solidification range, hombe casting stress, uye nyore oxidation/kupatsanurwa kwe alloy elements, metallurgical quality yeingots haina kunaka uye tembiricha yekuumba kamuri yakadzikira, zvakakosha zvikuru kugadzira itsva 7XXXys aruminiyamu series.
Aluminium-lithium (Al-Li) chiwanikwa
Aluminium-lithium alloy ndiyo inokurumidza kukura isina kuremerwa zvinhu mumidziyo yendege mumakore achangopfuura. Iyo ine hunhu hwehushoma density, yakakwira elastic modulus, yakakwira chaiyo kuomarara, kuita kwakanaka kwekuneta, uye kushomeka kwemarara. Mushure mekutsiva akajairika aruminiyamu alloys, huwandu hunogona kuderedzwa ne10% ~ 20% uye kuoma kunogona kuwedzerwa ne15% ~ 20%. Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi21, kambani yeAmerican ALCOA yakatanga chirongwa che "ALCOA Aviation 20/20 Plan", nechinangwa chekudzikisa mutengo uye huremu hwearuminiyamu alloys ne20% imwe neimwe mukati memakore makumi maviri. Constellium yakagadzira 2050 uye 2198 aruminiyamu-lithium alloys (Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag) ine yakaderera density, yakakwirira kuoma uye yakakwirira kukuvara kushivirira. Kune mashoma mashoma eAl-Li alloy mamakisi akazvimiririra akagadzirwa muChina, uye chete 1420 alloy ndiyo yakashandiswa. Iyo aluminium-lithium alloy inoshandiswa muC919 inotakura ndege inopiwa neAlcoa. Mumba, chete mashoma alloy mamakisi akadai 1420, 2195, 2197, uye 2A97 anogona kugadzirwa, uye ingots ingori ingots pazasi ((310 ~ 400) × 1280 × 4000) mm uye kutenderera ingots pazasi φ650 mm. Flat ingots (2B16) nehupamhi hunopfuura 60 mm uye hupamhi hunopfuura 1500 mm, uye ingots (2B16) ine dhayamita inopfuura 1500 mm mumunda wekushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro kwendege haisati yagadzirwa mumaindasitiri. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha zvikuru kugadzira dhizaini nyowani yealuminium-lithium alloy, gadziriro yemhando yepamusoro-soro uye tekinoroji yakadzika yekugadzirisa.
Aluminum alloy inodzivirira kupisa
Aluminium alloys asingapise kupisa zvinhu zvakakosha mundima dzemuchadenga, mota, kutakura njanji, nezvimwewo nekudzora zvinhu zvakaita seSi, Fe, Ni, Ag, uye zvisingawanzo pasi kugadzira aruminiyamu alloys isingaite oxidation uye inokambaira pakupisa kwakanyanya. Traditional heat-resistant aluminium alloys zvinosanganisira: 2519, 2618, 2219, 2D70, etc. Nekukurumidza kukurumidza kweaerospace uye maindasitiri emotokari, zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvinoiswa pamhepo inodzivirira kupisa kwealuminium alloys. Chizvarwa chitsva chejeti dzehondo chine kukurumidza kufambisa, uye tembiricha yekushandisa yeganda refuselage iri pamusoro pe150 ° C. Parizvino, tembiricha yenguva refu yekushandiswa kwearuminiyamu inodzivirira kupisa se2618 uye 2D70 iri pasi pe150°C. Izvo zvakakosha kugadzira mitsva inodzivirira kupisa aluminium alloys.
Al-Sc alloy ine Ultra-low scandium (Sc) zvemukati
Al-Sc alloy ine zvinhu zvakanakisa zvakadai sesimba rakakwirira, kunaka kwepurasitiki uye kusagadzikana kwekuora, uye yave chizvarwa chitsva chezvinhu zvisingaremi zveaerospace, ngarava, nezvimwewo mushure meAl-Li alloy. Kusimba kwekusimba kweAl-Mg alloy ine trace huwandu hwe scandium i30% yakakwirira kupfuura iyo ye5083 alloy, uye simba regoho rakapetwa kaviri. Weldability yayo inofananidzwa neyakajairwa 5XXX akateedzana alloys, ma mechanic properties yenzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekupisa uye weld inenge yakaenzana neiyo matrix, uye kuramba kwayo kwecorrosion kunofananidzwa neiyo 5083 alloy. Kutsiva 5XXX kana 6XXX akateedzana alloys mukugadzira zvinhu zvemuchadenga zvinogona kuita zvakakosha kuderedza uremu, uye zvakare chinhu chepamusoro chemotokari nemotokari dzenjanji. Russia iri pamberi penyika mukugadzira scandium-ine aruminiyamu alloys, uye yakagadzira Al-Mg-Sc, Al-Mg-Li-Sc, Al-Zn- MgSc , Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc, uye Al-Cu-Mg-Sc alloys ane scandium zvinyorwa zve 0.18% ~ 0.5%. Nekuda kusimudzira kushandiswa kwealuminium-scandium alloys mumhepo nemotokari, Bazi reChina reMaindasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji rakanyora scandium-ine aruminiyamu alloys seimwe yezvinhu zvitsva zvekusimudzira. China yakapfuma mune zviwanikwa zve scandium uye yakavaka yakakwira-kuchena scandium oxide yekubvisa mutsara wekugadzira, ichiisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwealuminium-scandium alloys.
500 MPa giredhi inopisa kutsika aluminium alloy yemotokari
Pachine chisina chinhu mukupisa kutsika kwepamusoro-simba aruminiyamu alloy zvinhu muChina. Iko kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva uye nyowani yekugadzira nzira yekuvandudza inzira inoshanda yekugadzirisa dambudziko repamusoro-simba aluminium alloy mota zvikamu kugadzira. Kutarisa pa7XXX akatevedzana alloys, achishingairira kuongorora 2XXX alloys, uye kugadzira mazana mashanu MPa giredhi aruminiyamu alloy zvinhu zvekupisa stamping zvine tarisiro yakakosha yekugadzira zvikamu zvemotokari zvakaomarara.
Aluminium-based composite zvinhu
Aluminium-steel multilayer composite plate: Kubatana kunoshanda pakati pearuminiyamu nesimbi dhizaini chave chimwe chezvipingamupinyi pakureruka kwezvimiro zvepamusoro zvengarava hombe. Iyo aruminiyamu-simbi inosanganiswa shanduko yejoin yakashandiswa kukwenenzvera pakati pealuminium nesimbi hulls inopa mhinduro yekutsiva yechinyakare riveting process. Honda yakagadzira simbi nealuminium yekujoinha tekinoroji iyo ichashandiswa pasi rose mumafuremu emota anogadzirwa. Parizvino, majoini ealuminium-steel composite anoshandiswa muChina anonyanya kutengwa kubva kunze kwenyika, nemutengo wakakwira se4 × 10 5 CNY/t. Nezvikepe zvihombe zveramangwana, tembiricha yewelding yakakwira, kushushikana kukuru, uye kusimba kwekubatanidza majoini kunodiwa pakuchinja majoini, uye majoini ealuminium-simbi anodiwa nekukurumidza.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-08-2025
