1. Macroscopic Factors Inobatsira paKugadzira Mutswe
1.1 Munguva yekukanda-inoenderera mberi, mvura inotonhorera inopfapfaidzwa zvakananga panzvimbo yeingot, ichigadzira tembiricha yakadzika mukati meingot. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kusawirirana pakati penzvimbo dzakasiyana, zvichikonzera kuzvidzora uye kuunza kushushikana kwekushisa. Pasi pedzimwe nzvimbo dzekushushikana, izvi zvinonetsa zvinogona kutungamira mukutsemuka ingot.
1.2 Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, kutsemuka kweingot kunowanzoitika padanho rekutanga rekukanda kana kunotanga sema microcracks ayo anozopararira panguva yekutonhodza, anogona kupararira mukati meingot yese. Pamusoro pekutsemuka, kumwe kukanganisa kwakadai sekuvhara kutonhora, warping, uye kurembera zvinogonawo kuitika panguva yekutanga kukanda nhanho, zvichiita kuti ive chikamu chakakosha mukuita kwese kukanda.
1.3 Kusagadzikana kwekukanda kutonhora kwakananga kune kupisa kunopisa kunokonzerwa zvakanyanya nekuumbwa kwemakemikari, master alloy kuwedzera, uye huwandu hwezviyo zvinonatsa zvinoshandiswa.
1.4 Iyo inopisa inoputika senitivity yealloys inonyanya kukonzerwa nekushungurudzika kwemukati kunokonzera kuumbwa kwevoids uye kuputika. Kuumbwa kwavo uye kugovera kunotemerwa nealloying zvinhu, kunyungudutsa metallurgical mhando, uye semi-inoenderera mberi yekukanda paramita. Kunyanya, mahombe-akakura ingots e7xxx akateedzana aruminiyamu alloys anonyanya kukonzeresa kupisa nekuda kweakawanda alloying zvinhu, yakafara solidification renji, yakakwira yekukanda kushushikana, oxidation kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu zvealloy, hushoma hunyoro hwesimbi, uye yakaderera kuumbwa pakamuri tembiricha.
1.5 Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti minda yemagetsi uye alloying zvinhu (kusanganisira zviyo zvinonatsa, makuru alloying zvinhu, uye trace elements) zvinonyanya kukanganisa microstructure uye kupisa kunopisa kukanganiswa kwehafu-inoramba ichikanda 7xxx akatevedzana alloys.
1.6 Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwekuumbwa kwakaomarara kwe7050 aruminiyamu alloy uye kuvapo kwezvinhu zviri nyore oxidized, kunyunguduka kunowanzo kutora hydrogen yakawanda. Izvi, zvakasanganiswa ne oxide inclusions, zvinotungamirira kugarisana kwegasi uye inclusions, zvichiita kuti pave nehuwandu hwe hydrogen mukunyunguduka. Hydrogen yemukati yave chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa mhedzisiro yekuongorora, hunhu hwekutyoka, uye kuneta kuita kwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa ingot. Naizvozvo, zvichibva pamaitiro ekuvapo kwehydrogen mukunyunguduka, zvinodikanwa kushandisa adsorption media uye filtration-yekuchenesa michina kubvisa hydrogen uye zvimwe zvinosanganisirwa kubva mukunyunguduka kuti uwane yakanyanya kucheneswa alloy melt.
2. Zvikonzero Zviduku zveKugadzira Mutswe
2.1 Ingot inopisa kuputika kunonyanya kutariswa nehuwandu hwekuomesa shrinkage, chiyero chekudya, uye hukuru hwakakomba hwemushy zone. Kana saizi yemushy zone ikadarika chikumbaridzo chakakosha, kupisa kunopisa kuchaitika.
2.2 Kazhinji, nzira yekusimba yealloys inogona kukamurwa kuita matanho akati wandei: kudya kwakawanda, kudya kwe interdendritic, kupatsanurwa kwedendrite, uye dendrite bridging.
2.3 Munguva yekuparadzanisa dendrite nhanho, maoko edendrite anowedzera kurongedzerwa uye kuyerera kwemvura kunodzikiswa nekushushikana kwepasi. The permeability of the mushy zone yakaderedzwa, uye kukwana kwakasimba kusimba shrinkage uye kupisa kunetseka kunogona kutungamirira ku microporosity kana kunyange kupisa kunopisa.
2.4 Mudendrite bridging stage, ishoma chete yemvura inoramba iri pamativi matatu. Panguva ino, iyo semi-yakasimba zvinhu zvine simba rakawanda uye plastiki, uye yakasimba-nyika inokambaira ndiyo yega nzira yekutsiva kusimba kuderera uye kushushikana kwekupisa. Aya matanho maviri ndiwo anonyanya kuita shrinkage voids kana kupisa kunopisa.
3. Kugadzirira Kwemhando yepamusoro Slab Ingots Kubva pane Crack Formation Mechanisms
3.1 Huru-saizi slab ingots kazhinji inoratidza kutsemuka kwepasi, mukati porosity, uye inclusions, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya maitiro emuchina panguva yekusimbisa alloy.
3.2 Iyo mechanical properties yealloy panguva yekusimba inonyanya kuenderana nemukati maumbirwo maitiro, kusanganisira saizi yezviyo, hydrogen content, uye mazinga ekubatanidzwa.
3.3 Kune aruminiyamu alloys ane dendritic zvimiro, yechipiri dendrite ruoko spacing (SDAS) inokanganisa zvakanyanya ese ma mechanical zvivakwa uye kusimba maitiro. Finer SDAS inotungamira kune yekutanga porosity kuumbwa uye yakakwira porosity zvikamu, kuderedza kushushikana kwakanyanya kwekupwanya kunopisa.
3.4 Kukanganisa kwakadai se interdendritic shrinkage voids uye inclusions inoderedza zvakanyanya kusimba kweskeleton yakasimba uye inoderedza zvakanyanya kushungurudzika kwakanyanya kunodiwa pakupisa kunopisa.
3.5 Grain morphology ndiyo imwe yakakosha microstructural factor inokonzera kupisa kwekupwanya maitiro. Kana tsangadzi dzichichinja kubva ku columnar dendrites kuenda ku globular equiaxed grains, iyo alloy inoratidza yakadzika kuomarara tembiricha uye yakagadziridzwa interdendritic fluid permeability, iyo inodzvanya kukura kwepore. Pamusoro pezvo, zviyo zvakapfava zvinogona kugarisa hukuru hwekuremerwa uye kuomarara uye kuunza nzira dzakaomarara dzekuparadzira, nekudaro kudzikisira tsika yekupwanya.
3.6 Mukugadzirwa kunoshanda, kugadzirisa kunyunguduka kwekubata uye maitiro ekukanda-zvakadai sekutonga zvakasimba kuiswa uye hydrogen content, pamwe chete nekugadzirwa kwezviyo-zvinogona kuvandudza kupikisa kwemukati kwe-slab ingots kune kupisa kunopisa. Yakasanganiswa neyakagadziridzwa dhizaini dhizaini uye nzira dzekugadzirisa, matanho aya anogona kutungamirira mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro-goho, hukuru-hukuru, hwepamusoro-soro slab ingots.
4. Kunatswa kwezviyo zveIngot
7050 aruminiyamu alloy inonyanya kushandisa marudzi maviri ekunatsa zviyo: Al-5Ti-1B uye Al-3Ti-0.15C. Zvidzidzo zvekufananidza pakushandiswa kwe-in-line kwevanonatsa izvi zvinoratidza:
4.1 Ingots dzakanatswa neAl-5Ti-1B dzinoratidza hukuru hudiki hwezviyo uye imwe yunifomu shanduko kubva kumucheto weingot kuenda pakati. Iyo coarse-grained layer itete, uye iyo yakazara yekunatsa zviyo inosimba pane ingot.
4.2 Kana zvigadzirwa zvakanatswa kare neAl-3Ti-0.15C zvichishandiswa, kukwenenzvera zviyo kweAl-5Ti-1B kunodzikira. Uyezve, kuwedzera iyo Al-Ti-B yekuwedzera kupfuura imwe nhanho haina kuenzana kunatsiridza zviyo. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera kweAl-Ti-B kunofanirwa kuganhurirwa kusapfuura 2 kg/t.
4.3 Ingots dzakanatswa neAl-3Ti-0.15C dzinosanganisira dzakatsetseka, globular equiaxed tsanga. Saizi yezviyo yakaenzana nehupamhi hwe slab. Kuwedzerwa kwe3-4 kg/t yeAl-3Ti-0.15C inoshanda mukudzikamisa mhando yechigadzirwa.
4.4 Zvinonzwisisika, apo Al-5Ti-1B inoshandiswa mu7050 alloy, TiB₂ zvidimbu zvinowanzoita kupatsanurana kune iyo oxide firimu pane ingot pamusoro pasi pekukurumidza kutonhora mamiriro, achigadzira masumbu anotungamira mukuumbwa kwe slag. Munguva yeingot solidification, masumbu aya anonyura mukati kuti aite mapete-akafanana ne groove, achishandura kushushikana kwepamusoro kwekunyunguduka. Izvi zvinowedzera kunyunguduka kunyunguduka uye kunoderedza fluidity, izvo zvinosimudzira kuputika kuumbwa pazasi pe mold uye makona ehupamhi uye nhete zviso zveingot. Izvi zvinosimudza zvakanyanya maitiro ekutsemuka uye zvinokanganisa goho reingot.
4.5 Tichifunga nezvemaitiro ekuumba e7050 alloy, chimiro chezviyo zveingots dzakafanana dzepamba uye dzepasirese, uye mhando yezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvakagadziriswa, Al-3Ti-0.15C inosarudzwa semutsetse wekunatsa zviyo zvekukanda 7050 alloy-kunze kwekunge mamiriro chaiwo anoda zvimwe.
5. Kunatsa Zviyo Maitiro eAl-3Ti-0.15C
5.1 Kana munatsa wezviyo wawedzerwa pa720 °C, tsanga dzacho dzinosanganisira zvimiro zveequiaxed zvine zvimwe zvikamu uye ndidzo dzakanyanya kukura muhukuru.
5.2 Kana kunyungudika kukaitwa nguva refu mushure mekuwedzera munatsi (semuenzaniso, kupfuura maminetsi gumi), kukura kwe dendritic kunotonga, zvichikonzera tsanga dzakakora.
5.3 Kana huwandu hwekuwedzera hwemunatsi hwezviyo huri 0.010% kusvika 0.015%, zviyo zvakaenzanirana zvinowanikwa.
5.4 Kubva pakushanda kwemaindasitiri e7050 alloy, iyo yakakwana yekunatsa zviyo mamiriro ndeiyi: kuwedzera tembiricha yakatenderedza 720 °C, nguva kubva pakuwedzera kusvika pakusimba kwekupedzisira kunodzorwa mukati memaminitsi makumi maviri, uye inonatsa huwandu hunosvika 0.01-0.015% (3–4 kg/t yeAl-3Ti-0.15C).
5.5 Zvisinei nekusiyana kwesaizi yeingot, nguva yese kubva pakuwedzera muchenesi wezviyo mushure mekunyunguduka, kuburikidza ne-in-line system, chidyiro, uye mold, kusvika pakusimba kwekupedzisira inowanzoita maminetsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri.
5.6 Muzvigadziro zvemaindasitiri, kuwedzera huwandu hwekunatsa zviyo kupfuura Ti yemukati ye0.01% haina kuvandudza zvakanyanya kunatswa kwezviyo. Pane kudaro, kuwedzera zvakanyanya kunotungamira kuTi uye C kupfumisa, zvichiwedzera mukana wehurema hwezvinhu.
5.7 Miedzo panzvimbo dzakasiyana- degas inlet, degas outlet, uye trough yekukandira-inoratidza misiyano mishoma muhukuru hwezviyo. Nekudaro, kuwedzera inonatsa yakananga padhishi rekukanda pasina kusefa kunowedzera njodzi yekuremara panguva yekuongorora kwe ultrasonic yezvinhu zvakagadziriswa.
5.8 Kuve nechokwadi chekunatswa kwezviyo kwakafanana uye kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemunatsi, muchenesi wezviyo anofanira kuwedzerwa pakupinza kweiyo degassing system.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-16-2025
