Muedzo wetsiva weSimba unonyanya kushandiswa kuona kugona kwezvinhu zvesimbi kuti udzivise kukuvara panguva yekutambanudza, uye ndechimwe chezvakakosha zviratidzo zvekuongorora maitiro emidziyo.
1. Tensile bvunzo
Iyo tensile bvunzo yakavakirwa pane yekutanga nheyo dzemakanika emidziyo. Nekushandisa iyo tensile mutoro kune iyo sampuli yemhando pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, inokonzeresa deformation kusimuka kusvikira iyo sampula ichiputsa. Munguva yekuedzwa, kusvibiswa kwemuenzaniso wekuedza pasi pemitoro yakasiyana uye iyo yakanyanya kutakura apo mapundu akanyorwa, kuitira kuti aunganidze simba, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvezvinhu zvezvinyorwa zvemashoko.
Kunetseka kwe = f / a
σ is the estlele simba (mpa)
F ndiyo tensile mutoro (n)
A iri inzvimbo yemuchinjiko-chikamu cheiyo fungidziro
2. Tensile curve
Kuongororwa kwematanho akati wandei ezvekutambanudza maitiro:
a. MuOp Chikamu chine mutoro mudiki, leongation iri muhukama hukama nemutoro, uye FP ndiyo yakanyanya kutakura kuchengetedza iyo yakatwasuka mutsara.
b. Mushure mekutakura inodarika FP, iyo tensile curve inotanga kutora usiri-mutsara hukama. Sampula inopinda chikamu chekutanga yekugadzirisa, uye mutoro unobviswa, uye sampuli inogona kudzokera kumamiriro ayo epakutanga uye elastics deform.
c. Mushure mekunge mutoro unopfuura fe, mutoro wacho unobviswa, chikamu chehurongwa hwacho chinodzoreredzwa, uye chikamu chekusvibisa chinosara chinochengetwa, icho chinonzi plastiki deformation. Fe fe inonzi elastic muganho.
d. Kana mutoro wacho uchiwedzera mberi, iyo tensile curve inoratidza sawtoth. Kana mutoro wacho usingawedzera kana kuderera, chiitiko chekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwemuenzaniso wekuedza kunodaidzwa. Mushure mekubvumidza, sampula inotanga kuiswa pasi pepurasitiki yepurasitiki.
e. Mushure mekubvuma, sampu inoratidza kuwedzera kwehurongwa hwekurasa, basa nekuomesa simba uye deformation kusimbisa. Kana mutoro wasvika fb, chikamu chimwe chete chemienzaniso chinopera zvakanyanya. FB ndiyo simba resimba.
f. Iyo inodzikira phenomenon inotungamira mukuderera kwekubereka kwemuenzaniso. Kana mutoro wasvika FK, sampula. Izvi zvinonzi iyo inopwanya mutoro.
Erelid Simba
Simba reuliel ndiyo yakanyanya kushushikana kukosha iyo zvinhu zvesimbi zvinogona kutsungirira kubva pakutanga kwesimbi yekushongedza kuparadzaniswa kuparadzaniswa kana kuiswa kune simba rekunze. Ukoshi uhwu hunoratidza pfungwa yakaoma apo shanduko yezvinhu kubva kune elastic deform deform kuenda kuPlastiki deform deform.
Kuiswa
Simba rekumusoro reil simba: zvinoreva kushushikana kwakanyanya kwemuenzaniso usati wasimba risati rapfuura kekutanga kana achizopa.
Simba reBreaely rakaburitswa: zvinoreva kushushikana kushoma mune yechibereko chikamu kana yekutanga nguva yekufungidzira isingafungirwe. Sezvo kukosha kweiyo nzvimbo yepazasi yeidhi yakagadzikana, inowanzoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekupokana kwezvinhu, kunonzi goho renzvimbo kana kupa simba.
Calculation Fomula
Kune vepamusoro mhezi simba:
Kune yakaderera inobereka simba:
Unit
Iyo yunivhesiti yemasimba esimba inowanzo kuve MPA (Megapascal) kana N / MM² (Newton pa mamirimita mamirimita).
Muenzaniso
Tora yakaderera carbon simbi semuenzaniso, yerefu yaro inowanzowanzoitika 207mpa. Paunonongedzerwa simba rekunze rakakura kupfuura iyi muganho, simbi yepasi yekarbon ichagadzira gadziriro isingaperi uye haigone kudzoreredzwa; Paunoshandiswa kune simba rekunze rakaderera pane iyi muganho, simbi yakaderera carbon inogona kudzokera kune yayo yekutanga mamiriro.
Yajeketi simba ndeimwe yezviratidzo zvakakosha zvekuongorora michina yemuchina yezvinhu zvesimbi. Inoratidza kugona kwezvinhu zvekudzivisa gadziriro yepurasitiki kana yakaiswa mumasimba ekunze.
Simba resimba
Simba reChile ndiko kugona kwekuramba kukuvara pasi peiyo tensile mutoro, izvo zvinoratidzwa zvakananga sekukosha kwakanyanya kwekushushikana izvo zvinyorwa zvinogona kutsungirira panguva yekuita kwetenile. Kana kushushikana kwakanyanya pane izvo zvinopfuura simba rayo rakafanana nesimba, izvo zvinyorwa zvichaitwa plastiki deform kana kupwanya.
Calculation Fomula
Iyo Curculation Fomula yeTensile Simba (σT) ndeiyi:
σt = f / a
Iko F ndiyo yakakwira tensile Force (Newton, n) iyo fungidziro inogona kutsungirira usati wabvisa, uye ndiyo yekutanga chikamu-chikamu chemuenzanndirwo (mamirimita mamirimita, mm²).
Unit
Iyo unit yeiyo tensile simba inowanzo kazhinji MPA (Megapascal) kana N / MM² (Newton pa mamirimita emamirimita). 1 MPA yakaenzana ne1000,000 Newtons pa mita mita, iyo yakaenzanawo ne1 n / mm².
Kufurira Zvinhu
Simba reChile rinokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira kuumbwa kwemakemikari, microcenture, maitiro ekurapa, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda, zvakakodzera kusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera zvichienderana nezvinhu zvechinhanho che zvishandiso.
Chinoshanda application
Simba reChile rakakosha kwazvo paramende rakakosha mumunda wezvinhu zvesainzi uye engineering, uye inowanzoshandiswa kuongorora maitiro emidziyo. Panyaya yekugadzirwa kwechimiro, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, yekuongorora kwekuchengetedza, etc., Simba reConsle chinhu chinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo. Semuenzaniso, mukuvaka Engineering, simba rekuvaka yeSimbi chinhu chakakosha pakutarisa kuti inogona kumira sei mitoro; Mumunda weEerospace, simba renzvimbo yerudzi rwelweweight uye yakakwirira-midziyo ndiyo kiyi yekuona kuchengetedzwa kwendege.
Kuneta Simba:
Kuneta kwesimbi kunoreva maitiro ayo izvo zvinhu uye zvikamu zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoburitsa kukuvara kwemunharaunda mune imwe chete nzvimbo yekunyora
Zvimiro
Kamwe kamwe kamwe munguva: Simbi Fatgue kukundikana kazhinji kunowanzoitika kamwe kamwe munguva pfupi yenguva isina zviratidzo zviri pachena.
Nzvimbo Inzvimbo: Kukundikana Kuneta kunowanzoitika munzvimbo dzenzvimbo uko kunetseka kwakatemerwa.
Kunzwa kune zvakatipoteredza uye kuremara: kupera kwesimbi kunonzwisisika zvakanyanya nharaunda uye zvidiki zvinorema mukati mezvinyorwa, izvo zvinogona kukurudzira maitiro ekuneta.
Kufurira Zvinhu
Kushushikana amplitude: Hukuru hwekushushikana zvakananga zvinokanganisa hupenyu hunonetesa hwesimbi.
Avhareji yekusimbisa huku: Iyo yakakura avhareji kushushikana, kupfupika hupenyu hunonetesa hwesimbi.
Nhamba yenhamba: Nguva zhinji iyo simbi iri pasi pekushushikana kwecyclic kana kunetseka, zvakanyanya kuwanda kwekuunganidzwa kwekuneta kukuvara.
Maitiro ekudzivirira
Simbisa kusarudzwa kwezvinhu: Sarudza zvinhu zvine yakakwira famba miganhu.
Kuderedza kushushikana kushushikana: Deredza kushushikana kushushikana kuburikidza nemaitiro ekugadzira kana nzira dzekugadzirisa, dzakadai sekushandisa dzakakomberedza kona shanduko, kuwedzera-chikamu-chikamu-chikamu chevhu, nezvimwe.
Kumusoro Kurapwa: Kupukuta, kupuruzira, nezvimwewo pane simbi pamusoro kuti udzikise urema uye kugadzirisa simba rekuneta.
Kuongorora uye kugadzirisa: Gara uchiongorora zvesimbi zvinhu zvekukurumidza kuona uye kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvakadai semaza; Chengetedza zvidimbu zvinopera kuneta, sekutsiva zvikamu zvakapfeka uye kusimbisa zvisina kusimba zvinongedzo.
Kuneta kwesimbi ndiyo yakajairika simbi yekutadza maitiro, iyo inozivikanwa nekukasira, nzvimbo uye kunzwa kwenzvimbo. Kushushikana amplitude, avhareji kusimbisa huku uye nhamba yejekisiti ndiyo zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa kupera simba.
Sn Curve: inotsanangura hupenyu hunonetesa hwezvinhu pasi pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvekunetseka, kupi kunomiririra kushushikana uye n n n
Kuneta Simba Resimba Remile Fomuula:
(KF = KA \ CDOT KB \ CDOT KC \ CDOT KD \ CDOT KE)
Iko (KA KA) ndiyo mutoro chinhu, (KB) ndiyo size mamiriro, (KC) ndiyo tembiricha yechinhu, (KD) ndiyo nzvimbo yemhando yepamusoro, uye (ke) ndeyekuvimbika kwekuvimbika.
Sn Curve Kutaura kwemasvomhu:
(\ sigma ^ m n = c)
Iko (\ sigma) kushushikana, n ndiyo nhamba yekushushikana mitezo, uye m uye c ndeye manyorero ekutama.
Currenclation nhanho
Sarudza iyo manyorero ekunyora:
Sarudza iyo tsika yemam uye c kubudikidza nekuedzwa kana nekutaura nezvemabhuku akakodzera.
Sarudza chinhu chekushushikana chemafungiro: Funga nezvechimiro chaicho uye saizi yechikamu, pamwe nekusagadzikana kwekushushikana kwakakonzerwa nezvinhu, etcal tarisiro yekusimbisa: maererano neSn curve uye kushushikana Chinhu chenongedzero, chakabatanidzwa nehupenyu hwekugadzira uye kushanda kushushikana chikamu chechikamu, kuverenga simba rekuneta.
2. Plasikirimu:
Plasticity inoreva nezvenzvimbo yezvinhu izvo, paunenge uchiiswa simba rekunze, inoburitsa deform zvachose isina kupwanya kana simba rekunze rinodarika muganho wayo elastic. Uku kurongeka hakuchinjiki, uye zvinyorwa hazvizodzokere kuchimiro chayo chepakutanga kunyange kana simba rekunze rabviswa.
Plastikiligity index uye yayo yekuverenga fomu
Erongation (δ)
Tsanangudzo: Elongation ndeye chikamu chehuwandu hwekusvibisa chikamu cheGauge chikamu mushure mekufungidzira kuti iStentile yakavhunika kusvika kune yekutanga geji kureba.
Formula: δ = (l1 - l0) / l0 × 100%
Uko l0 ndiyo yekutanga gorofu kureba kweiyo fungidziro;
L1 ndiyo gadziriso yekureba mushure mekufungidzira kwapera.
Kuderedzwa Kwemutemo (ψ)
Tsanangudzo: Kuderedzwa kwechikamu chikamu chekudzikiswa kwakanyanya mumuchinjiko-chikamu chemuchinjiko panzvimbo yekuchinjika panguva yekufungidzira mushure mekufungidzira kune yekutanga chikamu-chikamu nzvimbo.
Fomula: ψ = (F0 - F1) / F0 × 100%
Iko F0 ndiyo yekutanga yemuchinjiko-chikamu chenzvimbo yeiyo fungidziro;
F1 ndiyo chikamu chemuchinjiko-chikamu padanho rekutarisa panguva iyo fungidziro yaputswa.
3. Kuomarara
Kuomesesa kwesimbi indekasi yemuchina yekuyera kuyera kuomesa kwezvinhu zvesimbi. Inoratidza kugona kuramba deformation mune vhoriyamu yemuno pane simbi.
Kuiswa uye chiratidzo chekuomesa kwesimbi
Kuomesesa kwesimbi kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekuratidzira uye nzira dzekumiririra maererano nemaitiro akasiyana ekuongororwa. Zvinonyanya kusanganisira zvinotevera:
Brinell kuomarara (HB):
Scope of application: Kazhinji inoshandiswa apo zvinyorwa zvichinyorovesa, senge vasiri-vasingamiriri simbi, simbi pamberi pekupisa kurapwa kana mushure mekurapa.
Muedzo weyedzo: Neimwe saizi yemutoro wekutakura, bhora rakaomeswa kana bhora rebhokisi remamwe rakamanikidzwa mumusoro wesimbi kuti aongororwe, uye mutoro wacho wakatakurwa mushure menguva yakatarwa, uye dhayaudhi yeyakagadzirirwa induction pamusoro kuti uongororwe unoyerwa.
Currenclation Fomula: Iyo Brinell Kuomarara Kukosha ndiyo quotient yakawanikwa nekukamura mutoro nenzvimbo yenzvimbo yezvinonhuwirira.
Rockwell Hardness (HR):
Scope of application: Kazhinji inoshandiswa kune zvigadzirwa nekuomerwa kwakakwirira, sekuoma kwekuomesa mushure mekurapa kupisa.
Muedzo weyedzo: Zvakafanana nekuomarara kweBrinell, asi uchishandisa zvakasiyana probes (madhaimani) uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekuverenga.
Mhando: Zvinoenderana neshoko rekushandisa, kune HRC (yeiyo yepamusoro nzvimbo dzehuremu), Hra, HRB uye mamwe marudzi.
Vickers kuomesa (HV):
Chiyero chekushandisa: yakakodzera kune microscope kuongorora.
Muedzo weyedzo: Dzvanya zvinhu zvevhu nemutoro wezvishoma pane 120kg uye madhaimani mativi cone
Leeb Hardness (HL):
Zvimiro: Kutakurika Hardness Tester, zviri nyore kuyera.
Muedzo weyedzo: Shandisa iyo BUM inogadzirwa neakapindirana bhora musoro mushure mekukanganisika kuomesa, uye kuverenga kuomesa nekumhanya kwekunomhanya kweiyo punch pa 1mm kubva kune iyo sampula yekumhanyisa kumhanya.
Kutumira Nguva: Sep-25-2024
