Reuters inoita kunge ine yakanakisa masosi mukati meTesla. Mune mushumo waGunyana 14, 2023, inoti vanhu vasingasviki vashanu vakazviudza kuti kambani yave kusvika pachinangwa chayo chekukanda pasi pemota dzayo muchidimbu. Die casting inzira iri nyore. Gadzira mold, uzadze nesimbi yakanyungudutswa, rega itonhore, bvisa mold, uye voila! Instant mota. Inoshanda nemazvo kana iwe uri kugadzira Tinkertoys kana Matchbox mota, asi yakanyanya kuoma kana ukaedza kuishandisa kugadzira yakazara saizi mota.
Ngoro dzeConestoga dzakanga dzakavakwa pamusoro pemafuremu akagadzirwa nematanda. Motokari dzekare dzaishandisawo mafuremu emapuranga. Henry Ford paakagadzira mutsara wekutanga wegungano, tsika yaive yekuvaka mota pamanera furemu - njanji mbiri dzesimbi dzakasungwa pamwe chete nezvidimbu zvakachinjika. Yekutanga unibody kugadzira mota yaive Citroen Traction Avant muna 1934, ichiteverwa neChrysler Airflow gore raitevera.
Mota dzisina munhu hadzina furemu pasi padzo. Pane kudaro, muviri wesimbi unoumbwa uye wakaumbwa nenzira iyo inogona kutsigira uremu hwe drivetrain uye kudzivirira vanogara mukati mechiitiko chekuputsika. Kutanga kuma1950s, vagadziri vemotokari, vakakurudzirwa nekugadzira hunyanzvi hwakapayona nemakambani eJapan seHonda neToyota, vakachinjira kugadzira mota dzisina munhu dzine mavhiri ekumberi.
Iyo yese powertrain, yakazara neinjini, kutapurirana, kusiyanisa, madhiraivha, struts, uye mabhureki, yakaiswa pane imwe puratifomu yakasimudzwa panzvimbo kubva pazasi pamutsetse wegungano, pane kudonhedza injini uye kutapurirana kubva pamusoro penzira iyo. yakaitwa kumota dzakavakwa pafuremu. Chikonzero chekuchinja? Kukurumidza kusangana nguva izvo zvakakonzera kudzikira kweyuniti mutengo wekugadzira.
Kwenguva yakareba, tekinoroji yeunibody yaifarirwa dzinonzi mota dzehupfumi nepo mafuremu emanera aive sarudzo yemasedan akakura uye ngoro. Paive nemamwe mahybrids akasanganiswa mukati - mota dzine furemu njanji pamberi dzakasungirirwa kune unibody passenger compartment. Iyo Chevy Nova neMGB yaive mienzaniso yemaitiro aya, ayo asina kugara kwenguva refu.
Tesla Pivots To High Pressure Casting
Tesla, uyo akaita tsika yekuvhiringa magadzirirwo anoitwa mota, akatanga kuyedza kudhindisa zvakanyanya makore akati wandei apfuura. Kutanga yaitarisa pakugadzira chimiro chemashure. Payakasvika ipapo, yakachinja kuita chimiro chepamberi. Zvino, maererano nezvinyorwa, Tesla ari kutarisa kumanikidza kukanda kumberi, pakati, uye kumashure zvikamu zvese mukushanda kumwe.
Sei? Nekuti masikirwo echinyakare ekugadzira anoshandisa anosvika mazana mana zvitambi zvemunhu izvo zvinozofanirwa kuiswa weld, kubhaudhiwa, kukoshwa, kana kunama pamwe chete kugadzira chimiro chakakwana cheunibody. Kana Tesla ichigona kuwana iyi kodzero, mutengo wayo wekugadzira unogona kudzikiswa ne50 muzana. Izvo, zvakare, zvinoisa dzvinyiriro huru kune mumwe mugadziri wese kupindura kana kuzviwana vasingakwanisi kukwikwidza.
Izvo hazvina kutaura kuti ivo vagadziri vari kunzwa kurohwa kubva kumativi ese sezvo uppity mubatanidzwa vashandi vari kurovera pamagedhi uye vachida chidimbu chakakura chechero pundutso ichiri kuwanikwa.
Terry Woychowsk, akashanda kuGeneral Motors kwemakumi matatu emakore, anoziva chinhu kana zviviri nezvekugadzira mota. Iye zvino ndiye mutungamiri weUS engineering kambani Caresoft Global. Anoudza Reuters kuti kana Tesla akakwanisa kuita gigacast yakawanda yepasi peEV, zvingangokanganisa magadzirirwo nekugadzirwa kwemotokari. "Inogonesa pane steroids. Iine chirevo chikuru kune indasitiri, asi ibasa rakaoma kwazvo. Castings yakaoma kwazvo kuita, kunyanya iyo yakakura uye yakanyanya kuoma. "
Maviri emasitusi akati dhizaini nyowani yeTesla uye nzira dzekugadzira zvinoreva kuti kambani inogona kugadzira mota kubva pasi kusvika mumwedzi gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nemana, nepo vazhinji vanokwikwidza vanogona kutora chero makore matatu kusvika mana. Furemu hombe imwe chete - inosanganisa zvikamu zvemberi neshure nechepakati nechepazasi panogara bhatiri - inogona kushandiswa kugadzira motokari itsva, diki yemagetsi inoita madhora zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu. Tesla aitarisirwa kusarudza kana kufa akakanda chikuva chimwe chete mwedzi uno, matatu emasipiti akadaro.
Matambudziko Akakosha Ari Mberi
Rimwe rematambudziko makuru eTesla pakushandisa high pressure castings kugadzira maframes asina mhango asi ane mbabvu dzemukati dzinodiwa kuti vakwanise kudzinga masimba anoitika panguva yekuparara. Iwo masosi anoti hunyanzvi hwekugadzira nekukanda nyanzvi muBritain, Germany, Japan, uye United States dzinoshandisa kudhinda kwe3D uye jecha remaindasitiri.
Kugadzira mold inodiwa pakukandwa kwepamusoro kwezvikamu zvakakura zvinogona kudhura zvakanyanya uye zvinouya nenjodzi huru. Kana imwe hombe yesimbi yekuedza mold yaitwa, machining tweaks panguva yekugadzira maitiro anogona kuita $100,000 kuenda, kana kudzoreredza mold yacho zvachose inogona kusvika kumadhora 1.5 miriyoni, sekureva kweimwe nyanzvi yekukanda. Mumwe akati dhizaini yese yekugadzira simbi mold yaizongoita madhora mazana mana emamiriyoni.
Vazhinji vagadziri veautomaker vakaona mutengo uye njodzi kuve yakanyanya kukwirira, kunyanya sezvo dhizaini ingangoda hafu yegumi nemaviri kana kupfuura tweaks kuti uwane kufa kwakakwana kubva pakuona kweruzha uye kudedera, kukwana uye kupera, ergonomics uye kuparara. Asi njodzi chinhu chisingawanzo kunetsa Elon Musk, aive wekutanga kugadzira maroketi achibhururuka achidzokera kumashure.
Industrial Sand & 3D Printing
Tesla anonzi akatendeukira kumafemu anogadzira bvunzo mold kubva mujecha reindasitiri ane 3D anodhinda. Uchishandisa dhizaini yedhizaini, maprinta anozivikanwa sebhainda jets anoisa chinosunga chinosunga mvura paganda nhete yejecha uye zvishoma nezvishoma vanovaka mold, layer by layer, inogona kufa yakanyungudutswa alloys. Zvinoenderana nerimwe bhuku, mutengo wedhizaini yekusimbisa maitiro nekukanda jecha inodhura inenge 3% yekuita chinhu chimwe chete nesimbi prototype.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti Tesla inogona kudhiza prototypes kakawanda sezvinodiwa, kudhinda imwe nyowani mumaawa mashoma uchishandisa michina kubva kumakambani akadai seDesktop Metal uye yayo ExOne unit. Iyo dhizaini yekusimbisa kutenderera uchishandisa jecha kukanda inongotora kusvika kumwedzi miviri kusvika mitatu, maviri ezvinyorwa akadaro, zvichienzaniswa chero kubva pamwedzi mitanhatu kusvika pagore kune mold yakagadzirwa nesimbi.
Zvisinei nekusandunuka kukuru uku, zvakadaro, pakanga pachine chimwe chipingamupinyi chikuru chekukunda kumberi kusati kwaitwa zvinobudirira. Iyo aruminiyamu alloys inoshandiswa kugadzira iyo castings inoita zvakasiyana muforoma yakagadzirwa nejecha pane iyo inoita muforoma yakagadzirwa nesimbi. Ekutanga prototypes aiwanzotadza kuzadzisa zvakatemwa naTesla.
Nyanzvi dzekukandira dzakakunda izvo nekugadzira alloys akakosha, kunyatsogadzirisa yakanyungudutswa alloy kutonhora maitiro, uye nekuuya ne-post-yekugadzira kupisa kurapwa, matatu ezvinyorwa akadaro. Kana Tesla achinge agutsikana neiyo prototype jecha mold, inogona kuzodyara mune yekupedzisira simbi mold yekugadzirwa kwakawanda.
Iwo masosi akati Tesla iri kuuya mota diki/robotaxi yaipa mukana wakakwana wekukanda EV chikuva muchidimbu chimwe chete, kunyanya nekuti underbody yayo iri nyore. Mota diki hadzina “overhang” hombe kumberi nekumashure. “Zvakafanana nechikepe neimwe nzira, tireyi yebhatiri ine mapapiro maduku akabatanidzwa kumativi ose maviri. Izvo zvine musoro kuita muchidimbu, "mumwe munhu akadaro.
Iwo masosi akati Tesla achiri kufanira kusarudza rudzi rwemuchina wekushandisa kana afunga kukanda wepasi muchidimbu. Kugadzira nhengo dzemuviri dzakakura nekukasira zvinoda michina mikuru yekukandira ine clamping simba re16,000 matani kana kupfuura. Michina yakadaro ichadhura uye ingada zvivako zvakakura zvefekitari.
Mitsipa ine simba rekurovera yakakwira haigone kugarisa 3D-yakadhindwa jecha cores inodiwa kugadzira maburi maframes. Kuti agadzirise dambudziko iri, Tesla ari kushandisa imwe mhando yechitsikiro umo yakanyungudutswa alloy inogona kubaiwa zvishoma nezvishoma - nzira inowanzo gadzira yemhando yepamusoro yekukanda uye inogona kugarisa jecha cores.
Dambudziko nderokuti: iyo nzira inotora nguva yakareba. "Tesla anogona kuramba achisarudza kudzvanywa kwekuita, kana kuti vanogona kusarudza inononoka alloy jekiseni remhando uye kuita zvakasiyana," mumwe wevanhu akadaro. "Ichiri mari inokandwa panguva ino."
The Takeaway
Chero sarudzo inoitwa naTesla, ichava nezvainoreva izvo zvinozoputika muindasitiri yemotokari pasi rese. Tesla, kunyangwe nekudzikiswa kwemitengo kwakakosha, ichiri kugadzira mota dzemagetsi pamubhadharo - chimwe chinhu chinogadzirwa nevagadziri vari kuwana chakaoma kuita.
Kana Tesla ichigona kuderedza mitengo yayo yekugadzira zvakanyanya nekushandisa yakanyanya kudzvanywa kukanda, iwo makambani achange ari pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwehupfumi. Hazvina kuoma kufungidzira zvakaitika kuna Kodak neNokia zvichiitika kwavari. Ndekupi kwaizosiya hupfumi hwenyika uye vese vashandi vari kugadzira mota dzakajairwa fungidziro yemunhu wese.
Kwakabva:https://cleantechnica.com/2023/09/17/tesla-may-have-perfected-one-piece-casting-technology/
Munyori: Steve Hanley
Yakarongedzwa naMay Jiang kubva kuMAT Aluminium
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-05-2024
