Mhangura
Kana iyo aluminium-yakapfuma chikamu chealuminium-copper alloy iri 548, iyo yakanyanya kunyungudika yemhangura mualuminium i5.65%. Kana tembiricha inodonha kusvika 302, solubility yemhangura ndeye 0.45%. Mhangura chinhu chakakosha alloy chinhu uye ine imwe yakasimba mhinduro inosimbisa maitiro. Uye zvakare, iyo CuAl2 inomisikidzwa nekuchembera ine pachena kuchembera kusimbisa maitiro. Mhangura yemhangura mualuminium alloys inowanzova pakati pe2.5% ne5%, uye simba rekusimbisa rinonyanya kunaka apo mhangura yemhangura iri pakati pe4% ne6.8%, saka iyo mhangura yakawanda yeduralumin alloys iri mukati memhando iyi. Aluminium-copper alloys inogona kuva nesilicon shoma, magnesium, manganese, chromium, zingi, iron uye zvimwe zvinhu.
Silicon
Kana iyo aluminium-yakapfuma chikamu cheAl-Si alloy system ine eutectic tembiricha ye577, iyo yakanyanya kunyungudika yesilicon mune yakasimba mhinduro i1.65%. Kunyangwe solubility ichidzikira nekudzikira tembiricha, aya alloys kazhinji haagone kusimbiswa nekupisa kurapwa. Aluminium-silicon alloy ine yakanakisa kukanda zvivakwa uye corrosion kuramba. Kana magnesium nesilicon zvichiwedzerwa kune aruminiyamu panguva imwe chete kugadzira aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy, chikamu chekusimbisa ndeyeMgSi. Hureshi hwe magnesium kune silicon ndeye 1.73: 1. Paunenge uchigadzira kuumbwa kweAl-Mg-Si alloy, zviri mukati me magnesium nesilicon zvinogadziriswa muchiyero ichi pane matrix. Kuti uvandudze simba remamwe maAl-Mg-Si alloys, huwandu hwakakodzera hwemhangura hunowedzerwa, uye huwandu hwakakodzera hwechromium hunowedzerwa kugadzirisa mhedzisiro yakashata yemhangura pakuramba kwecorrosion.
Iyo yakanyanya solubility yeMg2Si mualuminium muchikamu chealuminium-yakapfuma chikamu cheequilibrium phase diagraph yeAl-Mg2Si alloy system ndeye 1.85%, uye kuderera kudiki sezvo tembiricha inodzikira. Mune akaremara aruminiyamu alloys, kuwedzera kwesilicon chete kune aruminiyamu kunogumira kune welding zvinhu, uye kuwedzera kwesilicon kune aruminiyamu kunewo kumwe kusimbisa.
Magnesium
Kunyangwe iyo solubility curve ichiratidza kuti kunyungudika kwe magnesium mualuminium kunodzikira zvakanyanya sezvo tembiricha inodzikira, iyo magnesium yemukati mune akawanda maindasitiri akaremara aruminiyamu alloys ari pasi pe6%. Iyo yesilicon yemukati zvakare yakaderera. Mhando iyi yealloy haigone kusimbiswa nekurapa kwekupisa, asi ine yakanaka weldability, yakanaka corrosion resistance, uye simba repakati. Kusimbiswa kwealuminium ne magnesium kuri pachena. Kune yega yega 1% kuwedzera kwe magnesium, iyo tensile simba rinowedzera neinosvika 34MPa. Kana isingasviki 1% manganese yakawedzerwa, simba rekusimbisa rinogona kuwedzerwa. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera manganese kunogona kuderedza iyo magnesium yemukati uye kuderedza tsika yekupisa kupisa. Uye zvakare, manganese inogona zvakare kufanana inonamira Mg5Al8 makomisheni, inovandudza corrosion resistance uye welding performance.
Manganese
Kana tembiricha ye eutectic yeiyo flat equilibrium phase diagraph yeAl-Mn alloy system iri 658, iyo yakanyanya solubility yemanganese mune yakasimba mhinduro i1.82%. Simba re alloy rinowedzera nekuwedzera kwekunyungudika. Kana iyo manganese yemukati iri 0.8%, iyo elongation inosvika pakukosha kwepamusoro. Al-Mn alloy isiri yezera rinoomesa alloy, kureva kuti, haigoni kusimbiswa nekurapa kwekupisa. Manganese inogona kudzivirira iyo recrystallization maitiro ealuminium alloys, kuwedzera tembiricha yekudzoreredza, uye kunyatsonatsa zviyo zvakagadziridzwa. Kunatsiridzwa kwezviyo zvakadzokororwa kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti zvidimbu zvakaparadzirwa zveMnAl6 makomisheni zvinotadzisa kukura kwezviyo zvakadzokororwa. Rimwe basa reMnAl6 kunyungudutsa simbi isina kuchena kuita (Fe, Mn) Al6, kuderedza zvinokuvadza zvesimbi. Manganese chinhu chakakosha mualuminium alloys. Inogona kuwedzerwa yega kuumba Al-Mn binary alloy. Kazhinji, inowedzerwa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvealloying. Naizvozvo, akawanda aruminiyamu alloys ane manganese.
Zinc
Kunyungudika kwezinc mualuminium i31.6% pa275 muchikamu chealuminium-rich cheequilibrium phase diagram yeAl-Zn alloy system, nepo solubility yayo inodonha kusvika 5.6% pa125. Kuwedzera zinc chete kualuminium kune kuvandudzwa kwakanyanya mu simba realuminium alloy pasi pemamiriro ekugadzirisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, pane katsika kekushungurudzika corrosion kupaza, nekudaro kudzikamisa kushandiswa kwayo. Kuwedzera zinc uye magnesium kune aluminium panguva imwechete inoumba chikamu chekusimbisa Mg / Zn2, iyo ine simba guru rekusimbisa pane alloy. Kana iyo Mg/Zn2 yemukati ichiwedzerwa kubva pa0.5% kusvika 12%, kusimba kwesimba uye goho simba rinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Mune superhard aruminiyamu alloys umo magineziyamu emukati anodarika huwandu hunodiwa kuti ugadzire iyo Mg/Zn2 chikamu, apo reshiyo ye zinc kune magnesium inodzorwa kutenderedza 2.7, iyo yekushushikana kuora kwekupwanya kuramba kwakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera chinhu chemhangura kuAl-Zn-Mg inoumba Al-Zn-Mg-Cu yakatevedzana alloy. Iyo base yekusimbisa mhedzisiro ndiyo yakakura pakati pearuminiyamu alloys ese. Iyo yakakoshawo aluminium alloy zvinhu muaerospace, indasitiri yezvendege, uye indasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi.
Iron uye silicon
Simbi inowedzerwa searoyi zvinhu muAl-Cu-Mg-Ni-Fe akateedzana akagadzirwa aruminiyamu alloys, uye silicon inowedzerwa sealloying zvinhu muAl-Mg-Si akateedzana akagadzirwa aluminium uye muAl-Si akateedzana welding tsvimbo uye aluminium-silicon kukanda. alloys. Muchigadziko chealuminium alloys, silicon nesimbi zvinhu zvakajairika zvekusachena, izvo zvine mhedzisiro yakakosha pazvinhu zvealloy. Ivo vanonyanya kuvepo seFeCl3 uye yemahara silicon. Apo silicon yakakura kudarika iron, β-FeSiAl3 (kana Fe2Si2Al9) chikamu chinoumbwa, uye kana simbi yakakura kudarika silicon, α-Fe2SiAl8 (kana Fe3Si2Al12) inoumbwa. Kana chiyero chesimbi nesilicon chisina kunaka, chinokonzeresa kuputika mukukanda. Kana iyo iron yemukati mune yakakandwa aluminium yakanyanya kukwirira, kukanda kunobva kwaita brittle.
Titanium uye Boron
Titanium chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa chinowedzera mualuminium alloys, yakawedzerwa muchimiro cheAl-Ti kana Al-Ti-B master alloy. Titanium nealuminium zvinoumba chikamu cheTiAl2, chinova chisiri chekuzvidira musimboti panguva yekristaro uye inoita basa mukunatsa chimiro chekukanda uye weld chimiro. Kana Al-Ti alloys ikaita pasuru maitiro, iyo yakakosha yemukati titanium inenge 0.15%. Kana boron iripo, kuderera kudiki se0.01%.
Chromium
Chromium chinhu chakajairika chekuwedzera muAl-Mg-Si akatevedzana, Al-Mg-Zn akatevedzana, uye Al-Mg akatevedzana alloys. Pa600 ° C, kunyungudika kwechromium mualuminium i0.8%, uye haina kunyungudika patembiricha yekamuri. Chromium inoumba intermetallic compounds se (CrFe) Al7 uye (CrMn) Al12 mualuminium, iyo inodzivisa nucleation uye kukura kwekuita recrystallization uye ine imwe simba rinosimbisa pane alloy. Iyo inogona zvakare kuvandudza kuoma kweiyo alloy uye kuderedza kukonzeresa kushungurudza corrosion kupaza.
Nekudaro, iyo saiti inowedzera kudzima kunzwa, ichiita iyo anodized firimu yero. Huwandu hwechromium hwakawedzerwa kune aruminiyamu alloys kazhinji hahwupfuure 0.35%, uye hunodzikira nekuwedzera kwezvinhu zvekuchinja mualloy.
Strontium
Strontium chinhu chepamusoro-chinoshanda chinogona kushandura maitiro e intermetallic compound phases crystallographically. Naizvozvo, kugadzirisa kurapwa ne strontium element kunogona kuvandudza kushanda kwepurasitiki yealloy uye mhando yechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Nekuda kwekurebesa kwayo nguva yekushandura, kuita kwakanaka uye kuberekana, strontium yakatsiva kushandiswa kwesodium muAl-Si yekukanda alloys mumakore achangopfuura. Kuwedzera 0.015% ~ 0.03% strontium kune aruminiyamu alloy ye extrusion inoshandura β-AlFeSi chikamu mu ingot mu α-AlFeSi chikamu, kuderedza ingot homogenization nguva ne 60% ~ 70%, kuvandudza mechanical properties uye plastiki processability yezvinhu; kuvandudza kushata kwepamusoro pezvigadzirwa.
Kune yakakwirira-silicon (10% ~ 13%) yakaremara aruminiyamu alloys, kuwedzera 0.02% ~ 0.07% strontium element inogona kuderedza makristasi ekutanga kusvika padiki, uye michina yemagetsi inovandudzwa zvakanyanya. Simba rekusimba бb rinowedzerwa kubva ku233MPa kusvika ku236MPa, uye simba rekubereka б0.2 rakawedzera kubva ku204MPa kusvika ku210MPa, uye elongation б5 yakawedzera kubva pa9% kusvika ku12%. Kuwedzera strontium kune hypereutectic Al-Si alloy inogona kuderedza saizi yepakutanga silicon zvidimbu, kuvandudza mapurasitiki ekugadzirisa zvivakwa, uye kugonesa kutsetseka kupisa uye kutonhora kutenderera.
Zirconium
Zirconium zvakare yakajairika yekuwedzera mualuminium alloys. Kazhinji, mari yakawedzerwa kualuminium alloys ndeye 0.1% ~ 0.3%. Zirconium uye aruminiyamu fomu ZrAl3 makomisheni, ayo anogona kutadzisa iyo recrystallization maitiro uye kunatsa zviyo zvakagadziridzwa. Zirconium inogona zvakare kunatsa chimiro chekukanda, asi mhedzisiro yacho idiki pane titanium. Kuvapo kwe zirconium kunoderedza kucheneswa zviyo kwetitanium uye boron. MuAl-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, sezvo zirconium ine diki mhedzisiro yekudzima kunzwisiswa kupfuura chromium uye manganese, zvakakodzera kushandisa zirconium pane chromium uye manganese kunatsiridza chimiro chakagadziridzwa.
Rare earth elements
Zvisizvo zvepasi zvinhu zvinowedzerwa kune aruminiyamu alloys kuwedzera chikamu supercooling panguva yealuminium alloy casting, kunatsa zviyo, kuderedza yechipiri crystal spacing, kuderedza magasi uye inclusions mualloy, uye inowanzoita spheroidize chikamu chekusanganisa. Inogona zvakare kuderedza kushushikana kwepasi kwekunyunguduka, kuwedzera fluidity, uye kufambisa kukanda mumaingots, ayo ane mhedzisiro yakakura pakuita basa. Zviri nani kuwedzera mapasi akasiyana asingawanzo muhuwandu hunosvika 0.1%. Kuwedzerwa kwepasi rakasanganiswa risingawanzo (kusanganiswa La-Ce-Pr-Nd, nezvimwewo) kunoderedza kupisa kwakakosha kwekugadzirwa kwekuchembera G?P zone muAl-0.65%Mg-0.61%Si alloy. Aluminium alloys ane magnesium anogona kukurudzira metamorphism yezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi.
Kusachena
Vanadium inoumba VAL11 refractory compound mualuminium alloys, iyo inobata basa mukunatsa zviyo panguva yekunyunguduka nekukanda, asi basa rayo idiki pane iro retitanium uye zirconium. Vanadium zvakare ine mhedzisiro yekunatsa iyo yakagadziridzwa chimiro uye kuwedzera tembiricha yekristaro.
Kunyungudika kwakasimba kwecalcium mualuminium alloys yakadzikira zvakanyanya, uye inoumba musanganiswa weCaAl4 nealuminium. Calcium chinhu chepamusoro-soro chealuminium alloys. Aluminium alloy ine inenge 5% calcium uye 5% manganese ine superplasticity. Calcium uye silicon inoumba CaSi, iyo isinganyunguriki mualuminium. Sezvo iyo yakasimba mhinduro huwandu hwesilicon yakaderedzwa, iyo magetsi conductivity yeindasitiri yakachena aluminium inogona kuvandudzwa zvishoma. Calcium inogona kuvandudza kucheka mashandiro ealuminium alloys. CaSi2 haigone kusimbisa aluminium alloys kuburikidza nekupisa kurapwa. Kutsvaga huwandu hwe calcium inobatsira mukubvisa haidhirojeni kubva mualuminium yakanyungudutswa.
Lead, tin, uye bismuth zvinhu zvakaderera kunyungudika masimbi. Kunyungudika kwavo kwakasimba mualuminium idiki, iyo inoderedza zvishoma simba realloy, asi inogona kuvandudza kushanda kwekucheka. Bismuth inowedzera panguva yekusimba, iyo inobatsira pakudya. Kuwedzera bismuth kune yakakwira magnesium alloys inogona kudzivirira sodium embrittlement.
Antimony inonyanya kushandiswa sechigadziriso mune yakakandwa aruminiyamu alloys, uye haiwanzo kushandiswa mukuremara aruminiyamu alloys. Ingotsiva bismuth muAl-Mg yakaremara aluminium alloy kudzivirira sodium embrittlement. Antimony element inowedzerwa kune mamwe maAl-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys kuvandudza mashandiro ekupisa nekutsikirira uye kutonhora kudzvanya maitiro.
Beryllium inogona kuvandudza chimiro cheiyo oxide firimu mune akaremara aruminiyamu alloys uye kuderedza kupisa kurasikirwa uye inclusions panguva yekunyunguduka nekukanda. Beryllium chinhu chine muchetura chinogona kukonzera allergic poisoning muvanhu. Naizvozvo, beryllium haigone kuve mualuminium alloys inosangana nekudya uye zvinwiwa. Iyo beryllium yemukati mune welding zvinhu inowanzodzorwa pazasi 8μg/ml. Aluminium alloys anoshandiswa sewelding substrates anofanirwawo kudzora zvirimo zveberyllium.
Sodium inenge isinganyungudike mualuminium, uye iyo yakanyanya kusimba solubility isingasviki 0.0025%. iyo yakanyunguduka yesodium yakaderera (97.8 ℃), kana sodium iripo mune alloy, inoshambadzirwa pane dendrite pamusoro kana muganhu wezviyo panguva yekuomeswa, panguva yekupisa kupisa, iyo sodium pamuganhu wezviyo inoumba mvura adsorption layer, zvichiita kuti brittle cracking, kuumbwa kweNaAlSi compounds, hapana sodium yakasununguka iripo, uye haibudisi "sodium brittle".
Kana iyo magnesium yemukati ichipfuura 2%, magnesium inotora silicon uye precipitates yemahara sodium, zvichikonzera "sodium brittleness". Naizvozvo, yakakwira magnesium aluminium alloy haibvumidzwe kushandisa sodium munyu flux. Nzira dzekudzivirira "sodium embrittlement" dzinosanganisira chlorination, iyo inokonzera sodium kuumba NaCl uye inobudiswa mu slag, kuwedzera bismuth kuumba Na2Bi uye kupinda musimbi matrix; kuwedzera antimony kuumba Na3Sb kana kuwedzera zvisingawanzo pasi kunogonawo kuita zvakafanana.
Yakarongedzwa naMay Jiang kubva kuMAT Aluminium
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-08-2024
