Munguva yekupisa kurapwa kwealuminium nealuminium alloys, nyaya dzakasiyana dzinowanzo kusangana, dzakadai se:
-Isina kurongeka chikamu chekuisa: Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune chikamu deformation, kazhinji nekuda kwekusakwana kwekupisa kubviswa nesvikiro rekudzima nekukurumidza zvakakwana kuti uwane inodiwa michina zvinhu.
-Kukurumidza kupisa: Izvi zvinogona kukonzera deformation yekupisa; kuiswa kwakakodzera kwechikamu kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekudziya.
-Kupisa zvakanyanya: Izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukunyungudika zvishoma kana eutectic kunyungudika.
-Surface scaling / high-temperature oxidation.
-Kunyanya kana kusakwana kurapwa kwekuchembera, izvo zvese zvinogona kuguma nekurasikirwa kwema mechanical properties.
-Fluctuations munguva / tembiricha / kudzima parameters izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutsauka mumakanika uye / kana emuviri zvivakwa pakati pezvikamu nemabhechi.
-Kuwedzera, kusafanana kwekushisa kwekushisa, nguva isina kukwana yekudzivirira, uye kusakwana kutonhora panguva yekugadzirisa kupisa kwekugadzirisa zvose zvinogona kuita kuti zvive nemigumisiro isina kukwana.
Kurapa kwekupisa kwakakosha kupisa muindasitiri yealuminium, ngationgororei mune ruzivo rwakabatana.
1.Pre-kurapwa
Pre-kurapa maitiro anonatsiridza chimiro uye kubvisa kushushikana kusati kwadzima kunobatsira pakudzikisa kukanganisa. Kurapa kwepamberi kunowanzo sanganisira maitiro senge spheroidizing annealing uye kushushikana kunyaradza annealing, uye vamwe zvakare vanotora kudzima uye kudzikisira kana kujaira kurapwa.
Stress Relief Annealing: Panguva yekugadzira, kusara kushushikana kunogona kukura nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita semachining nzira, kuita kwechishandiso, uye kumhanya kwekucheka. Kusagoveranwa kwakaenzana kwekunetseka uku kunogona kutungamirira mukukanganiswa panguva yekudzima. Kuti uderedze mhedzisiro iyi, kudzoreredzwa kwekushushikana kusati kwadzima kunodiwa. Tembiricha yekurerutsira kushungurudzika kunowanzo 500-700 ° C. Kana kupisa mukati memhepo yemhepo, kutonhora kwe500-550 ° C nenguva yekubata kwemaawa 2-3 inoshandiswa kudzivirira oxidation uye decarburization. Chikamu chinokanganisa nekuda kwekuzvirema kunofanirwa kutariswa panguva yekurodha, uye mamwe maitiro akafanana neyakajairwa annealing.
Preheat Kurapa kweKuvandudza Chimiro: Izvi zvinosanganisira spheroidizing annealing, quenching uye tempering, normalizing kurapwa.
-Spheroidizing Annealing: Yakakosha kune kabhoni mudziyo simbi uye alloy chishandiso simbi panguva yekupisa kurapwa, chimiro chinowanikwa mushure me spheroidizing annealing inonyanya kukanganisa maitiro ekukanganisa panguva yekudzima. Nekugadzirisa chimiro chemashure-annealing, munhu anogona kuderedza kukanganisa nguva dzose panguva yekudzima.
-Dzimwe Pre-kurapa Nzira: Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kushandiswa kudzikisa kukanganiswa kwekudzima, sekudzima uye kupisa, kurapa kwakajairika. Kusarudza kwakakodzera pre-kurapwa senge kudzima uye kupisa, normalizing kurapwa kunoenderana nechikonzero chekukanganisa uye zvinhu zvechikamu zvinogona kunyatso kudzikisa kukanganisa. Zvisinei, kuchenjerera kunokosha kune zvakasara zvinonetsa uye kuoma kunowedzera mushure mekudzikamisa, kunyanya kudzima uye kupisa kurapwa kunogona kuderedza kuwedzera panguva yekudzima kwesimbi dzine W uye Mn, asi ine zvishoma zvinokanganisa kuderedza deformation yesimbi dzakadai seGCr15.
Mukugadzira kunoshanda, kuona chikonzero chekudzima kukanganisa, kungave nekuda kwekunetseka kwasara kana kusamira zvakanaka, zvakakosha pakurapa kunoshanda. Stress annealing inofanira kuitirwa kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekusarira kushushikana, ukuwo marapirwo akaita seanopisa anoshandura chimiro haafanirwe, uye zvinopesana. Ipapo ndipo chete ndipo panogona kuita chinangwa chekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwekudzima chingawanikwe kuderedza mitengo uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando.
2.Kudzima Kupisa Kushanda
Quenching Temperature: Iyo tembiricha yekudzima inokanganisa zvakanyanya kukanganisa. Isu tinokwanisa kuzadzisa chinangwa chekudzikisa deformation nekugadzirisa tembiricha yekudzima, kana iyo yakachengetwa machining mvumo yakafanana neyekudzima tembiricha kuti uwane chinangwa chekudzikisa deformation, kana zvine musoro kusarudzwa uye kuchengetedza machining mvumo uye tembiricha yekudzima mushure mekuyedzwa kwekupisa. , kuitira kuti uderedze iyo inotevera machining mvumo. Mhedzisiro yekudzima tembiricha pakudzima deformation haina hukama chete nechinhu chinoshandiswa muworkpiece, asi zvakare ine chekuita nehukuru uye chimiro cheiyo workpiece. Kana chimiro uye saizi yeworkpiece zvakasiyana kwazvo, kunyangwe zvinhu zvechishandiso zvakafanana, iyo yekudzima deformation maitiro akasiyana, uye mushandisi anofanira kutarisisa kune iyi mamiriro mukugadzirwa chaiko.
Kudzima Kubata Nguva: Sarudzo yenguva yekubata haingoonese kupisa kwakaringana uye kuwana kuomarara kwaunoda kana michina zvivakwa mushure mekudzima asi zvakare inofunga nezve mhedzisiro yayo pakukanganisa. Kuwedzera kudzima nguva yekubata kunowedzera tembiricha yekudzima, kunyanya kutaurwa kune yakakwira kabhoni uye yakakwira chromium simbi.
Loading Methods: Kana iyo workpiece ikaiswa mune isina musoro fomu panguva yekupisa, inokonzeresa deformation nekuda kwehuremu hweiyo workpiece kana deformation nekuda kwekuwirirana extrusion pakati pezvishandiso, kana deformation nekuda kwekudziya kusina kuenzana uye kutonhora nekuda kwekuwedzeredza kwakawanda kweiyo workpieces.
Heating Method: Kune akaomarara-akaumbwa uye akasiyana makubvu ekushanda, kunyanya ayo ane yakakwira kabhoni uye alloy zvinhu, inononoka uye yakafanana yekudziya maitiro yakakosha. Kushandisa preheating kunowanzodikanwa, dzimwe nguva kunoda akawanda preheating cycles. Kune mahombe emabasa asina kunyatsogadziriswa kuburikidza nekutanga kupisa, kushandisa bhokisi rekudzivirira choto rine inodzorwa kudziyisa kunogona kuderedza kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekukurumidza kupisa.
3. Kutonhora Kushanda
Kudzima deformation kunonyanya kukonzeresa kubva pakutonhora. Kudzima kwakaringana kusarudzwa kwepakati, hunyanzvi hwekushanda, uye nhanho yega yega yekutonhora inopesvedzera kudzima deformation.
Kudzima Kusarudzwa Kwepakati: Nepo uchivimbisa kuomarara kwaunoda mushure mekudzima, mild quenching media inofanirwa kusarudzwa kuderedza kukanganisa. Kushandisa midzimu yekugezera inodziya yekutonhodza (kuita kuti kutwasanuka chikamu chichiri kupisa) kana kunyange kutonhora kwemhepo kunokurudzirwa. Medium nemazinga ekutonhodza pakati pemvura neoiri anogona zvakare kutsiva mvura-mafuta maviri masvikiro.
-Kudzimisa mhepo: Mhepo-inotonhorera inodzima inoshanda pakudzikisa kudzima deformation yesimbi yakakwirira-kumhanya, chromium mold simbi uye air-inotonhorera micro-deformation simbi. Kune iyo 3Cr2W8V simbi isingade kuomarara kwakanyanya mushure mekudzima, kudzima kwemhepo kunogona zvakare kushandiswa kuderedza deformation nekugadzirisa zvakanaka tembiricha yekudzima.
-Kupisa uye kudzima mafuta: oiri ishongedzo yekudzima ine yakaderera kutonhora mwero pane mvura, asi kune ayo maworkpieces ane kuomarara kwakanyanya, saizi diki, chimiro chakaomarara uye hombe deformation maitiro, kutonhora kwemafuta kwakanyanya, asi kune maworkpiece ane saizi diki asi asina kunaka. kuoma, kutonhora kwemafuta hakuna kukwana. Kuti vagadzirise kupokana kuri pamusoro uye kushandisa zvizere kudzima mafuta kudzikisa kudzima deformation yezvishandiso, vanhu vakatora nzira dzekugadzirisa tembiricha yemafuta uye kuwedzera tembiricha yekudzima kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta.
-Kuchinja kupisa kwemafuta ekudzima: Kushandisa tembiricha imwechete yemafuta ekudzima kudzikisa kudzima deformation kuchiri nematambudziko anotevera, kureva, kana tembiricha yemafuta yadzikira, deformation yekudzima ichiri yakakura, uye kana tembiricha yemafuta yakakwira, zvakaoma kuona kuti workpiece mushure mekudzima kuoma. Pasi peiyo yakasanganiswa mhedzisiro yechimiro uye zvinhu zveimwe workpieces, kuwedzera tembiricha yekudzima mafuta kunogonawo kuwedzera deformation yayo. Naizvozvo, zvinonyanya kukosha kuona tembiricha yemafuta emafuta ekudzima mushure mekupasa bvunzo zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo eiyo workpiece zvinhu, muchinjika-chikamu saizi uye chimiro.
Paunenge uchishandisa mafuta anopisa ekudzima, kuitira kudzivirira moto unokonzerwa nekupisa kwemafuta kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nekudzima uye kutonhora, midziyo inodzimisa moto inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzerwa pedyo netangi remafuta. Mukuwedzera, iyo indekisi yemhando yemafuta ekudzima inofanira kuongororwa nguva nenguva, uye mafuta matsva anofanirwa kuzadzikiswa kana kutsiviwa nenguva.
- Wedzera tembiricha yekudzima: Iyi nzira yakakodzera kune diki-chikamu kabhoni simbi workpieces uye zvishoma yakakura alloy simbi workpieces isingakwanise kusangana nekuomarara zvinodiwa mushure mekupisa uye kuchengetedzwa kwekupisa pane zvakajairika quenching tembiricha uye kudzima mafuta. Nekuwedzera zvakakodzera tembiricha yekudzima uyezve kudzima mafuta, mhedzisiro yekuomesa uye kuderedza deformation inogona kuwanikwa. Paunenge uchishandisa nzira iyi kudzima, kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kudzivirira matambudziko senge zviyo coarsening, kuderedzwa kwemakanika zvivakwa uye hupenyu hwebasa reiyo workpiece nekuda kwekuwedzera kudzima tembiricha.
- Kusarudzika uye kukurumidza: Kana kuoma kwekudzima kunogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira, kupatsanurwa uye kuomarara kwepakati yekugezesa inopisa kunofanirwa kushandiswa zvizere kuti uwane chinangwa chekudzikisa quenching deformation. Iyi nzira inoshandawo kune yakaderera-kuoma, diki-chikamu kabhoni structural simbi uye mudziyo simbi, kunyanya chromium-ine die simbi uye yakakwirira-kumhanya simbi workpieces ane yakakwirira kuoma. Kupatsanurwa kwepakati yekugezesa yekugezera uye nzira yekutonhodza yeaustempering ndiyo nzira dzekudzima dzerudzi urwu rwesimbi. Saizvozvo, inoshandawo kune ayo kabhoni simbi uye yakaderera-alloy structural simbi isingade yakakwirira quenching kuoma.
Paunenge uchidzima nekugeza kunopisa, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kutariswa kune:
Chekutanga, kana mafuta ekugezesa achishandiswa giredhi uye isothermal quenching, tembiricha yemafuta inofanira kunyatsodzorwa kudzivirira kuitika kwemoto.
Chechipiri, pakudzima nenitrate munyu mamakisi, tangi remunyu re nitrate rinofanira kunge rakashongedzerwa nezviridzwa zvinodiwa uye midziyo yekutonhodza mvura. Kuti uwane dzimwe dziviriro, ndapota tarisa kune ruzivo rwakakodzera, uye usazoadzokorora pano.
Chechitatu, tembiricha ye isothermal inofanira kunyatsodzorwa panguva yekudzima isothermal. Tembiricha yakakwira kana yakaderera haigone kudzikisira deformation yekudzima. Mukuwedzera, panguva yekusimudzira, nzira yekurembera ye workpiece inofanira kusarudzwa kudzivirira deformation inokonzerwa nekurema kwe workpiece.
Chechina, kana uchishandisa isothermal kana graded quenching kururamisa chimiro cheworkpiece ichipisa, chishandiso uye zvigadziriso zvinofanirwa kunge zvakashongedzerwa zvakakwana, uye chiito chinofanira kukurumidza panguva yekushanda. Dzivirira mhedzisiro yakaipa pane yekudzima mhando yeworkpiece.
Kutonhodza Operation: Kushanda zvine hunyanzvi panguva yekutonhodza kunokonzeresa kudzima deformation, kunyanya kana masvikiro ekudzima mvura kana oiri achishandiswa.
-Nzira Yakarurama yeKudzima Medium Kupinda: Kazhinji, symmetrically yakaenzana kana elongated tsvimbo-yakafanana workpieces inofanira kudzika yakadzimwa mukati mepakati. Asymmetric zvikamu zvinogona kudzimwa pakona. Nzira chaiyo ine chinangwa chekuona kutonhora kweyunifomu kumativi ese, nenzvimbo dzinononoka dzekutonhora dzinopinda pakati pekutanga, dzichiteverwa nezvikamu zvinokurumidza kutonhora. Kufunga nezvechimiro cheworkpiece uye pesvedzero yayo pakumhanya kwekutonhora kwakakosha mukuita.
-Kufamba kweZvishandiso muKudzima Medium: Zvikamu zvinotonhora zvinononoka zvinofanira kutarisana nepakati pekudzima. Symmetrically shaped workpieces inofanira kutevedza nzira yakaenzana uye yakafanana mukati mepakati, kuchengetedza diki amplitude uye nekukurumidza kufamba. Kune matete uye elongated workpieces, kugadzikana panguva yekudzima kwakakosha. Dzivisa kudzungaira uye funga kushandisa zvibatiso pachinzvimbo chekusunga waya kuti udzore zvirinani.
-Speed yekudzima: Zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kudzimwa nekukurumidza. Kunyanya kune dzakatetepa, tsvimbo-seworkpieces, kunonoka kudzima kumhanya kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kubhenda deformation uye mutsauko mukutenderera pakati pezvikamu zvakadzimwa panguva dzakasiyana.
-Kunodzorwa Kutonhodza: Kune maworkpiece ane misiyano yakakura mukukura-chikamu, chengetedza kukurumidza-kutonhora zvikamu nezvinhu zvakaita setambo yeasbestos kana mashizha esimbi kuti uderedze kutonhora kwavo uye kuwana yunifomu kutonhora.
-Kutonhorera Nguva mumvura: Yezvishandiso zvinonyanya kusangana ne deformation nekuda kwekushushikana kwechimiro, pfupisa nguva yavo yekutonhora mumvura. Kune maworkpieces anonyanya kuita deformation nekuda kwekushushikana kwekupisa, wedzera nguva yavo yekutonhora mumvura kudzikisa deformation yekudzima.
Yakarongedzwa naMay Jiang kubva kuMAT Aluminium
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-21-2024
