Basa realuminium kupisa kurapwa ndere kuvandudza ma mechanika emidziyo, kubvisa kusara kunetseka uye kugadzirisa machinability emasimbi. Maererano nezvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekupisa kupisa, maitiro anogona kugoverwa mumapoka maviri: preheat treatment uye yekupedzisira kupisa kurapwa.
Chinangwa che preheat kurapwa ndechekuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa, kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati uye kugadzirira yakanaka metallographic chimiro chekupedzisira kupisa kupisa. Kupisa kwayo kurapwa maitiro kunosanganisira annealing, normalizing, kuchembera, quenching uye tempering zvichingodaro.
1) Kuwedzeredza uye normalizing
Annealing uye normalizing inoshandiswa kune inopisa-yakashandwa aruminiyamu isina chinhu. Carbon simbi uye alloy simbi ine kabhoni inodarika 0.5% inowanzovharwa kuitira kuderedza kuoma kwavo uye nyore kucheka; kabhoni simbi uye alloy simbi ine kabhoni yemukati isingasviki 0.5% inoshandiswa kudzivirira kunamatira banga kana kuoma kwanyanya kuderera. Uye shandisa normalizing kurapwa. Annealing uye normalizing inogona kuramba ichinatsa zviyo uye yunifomu chimiro, uye gadzirira iyo inotevera kupisa kurapwa. Anealing uye normalizing inowanzo rongwa mushure mekunge isina chinhu yagadzirwa uye isati yaitwa yakaoma machining.
2) Kukwegura kurapwa
Kurapa kwekuchembera kunonyanya kushandiswa kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati kunogadzirwa mukugadzira isina chinhu uye machining.
Kuti udzivise basa rekutakura rakawandisa, kune zvikamu zvine hutsanana, zvakakwana kuronga kurapwa kumwe kwekuchembera usati wapedza. Nekudaro, kune zvikamu zvine yakakwira chaiyo zvinodiwa, senge bhokisi rejig boring muchina, nezvimwewo, maviri kana akati wandei maitiro ekuchembera anofanirwa kurongwa. Zvikamu zviri nyore kazhinji hazvidi kurapwa kuchembera.
Pamusoro pekukanda, kune zvimwe zvikamu zvakanyatsorongeka zvine kusimba kwakashata, senge screw chaiyo, kuitira kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati kunogadzirwa panguva yekugadziriswa uye kudzikamisa kurongeka kwekugadzirisa kwezvikamu, marapirwo mazhinji ekuchembera anowanzo kurongeka pakati pekukasira machining uye semi-kupedza. Kune zvimwe zvikamu zve shaft, kurapwa kwekukwegura kunofanirawo kurongeka mushure mekugadzirisa.
3) Kudzima uye kudziya
quenching and tempering zvinoreva kupisa kwakanyanya mushure mekudzima. Inogona kuwana yunifomu uye yakadzikama sorbite chimiro, inova gadziriro yekudzikisa deformation panguva yekudzima kwepamusoro uye nitriding kurapwa. Naizvozvo, kudzima uye kupisa kunogona zvakare kushandiswa senge preheat kurapwa.
Nekuda kweiyo iri nani yakazara mekiniki zvimiro zvekudzima uye kupisa zvikamu, inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyekupedzisira kupisa kupisa maitiro kune zvimwe zvikamu zvisingade kuoma kwakanyanya uye kupfeka kuramba.
Chinangwa chekupedzisira kupisa kupisa ndechekuvandudza ma mechanical zvinhu zvakadai sekuoma, kupfeka kuramba uye simba. Maitiro ayo ekupisa kupisa anosanganisira kudzima, carburizing uye kudzima, uye nitriding kurapwa.
1) Kudzima
Kudzima kwakakamurwa kuita kudzima kwepamusoro uye kudzima zvachose. Pakati pavo, kudzima kwepamusoro kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kweiyo kudiki deformation, oxidation uye decarburization, uye kudzima kwepamusoro zvakare kune zvakanakira simba rekunze rekunze uye nekupfeka kwakanaka kuramba, uku uchichengetedza kunaka kwemukati kuomarara uye kusimba kwakasimba kuramba. Kuti uvandudze zvimisikidzo zvezvikamu zvekudzima pamusoro, kurapwa kwekupisa sekudzima uye kupisa kana kudzikamisa kana kujaira kunowanzo kudiwa se preheat treatment. Yayo yakajairika maitiro nzira ndeye: kuvharika, kuforoma, kujaira, kubatanidza, rough machining, kudzima uye kupisa, semi-kupedza, kudzima kwepamusoro, kupedzisa.
2) Carburizing uye kudzima
Carburizing uye kudzima ndeyekuwedzera iyo kabhoni yemukati weiyo chikamu chechikamu chekutanga, uye mushure mekudzima, iyo yepamusoro layer inowana kuomarara kwepamusoro, nepo chikamu chepakati chichiri kuchengetedza rimwe simba uye kuomarara kwepamusoro uye plastiki. Carburizing yakakamurwa kuita yakazara carburizing uye chikamu carburizing. Kana chikamu che carburizing chichiitwa, matanho e-anti-seepage anofanirwa kutorwa kune zvisiri-carburizing zvikamu. Sezvo kuviga uye kudzima kwakakonzera deformation yakakura, uye kudzika kwecarburizing kazhinji kuri pakati pe 0.5 ne2 mm, nzira yekuviga mota inowanzo kurongeka pakati pekupedza uye kupera.
Iyo nzira yemaitiro kazhinji ndeye: kusavhara, kuumba, kujaira, rough machining, semi-kupedza, carburizing uye kudzima, kupedzisa. Kana iyo isiri-carburized chikamu cheiyo carburizing uye kudzima chikamu chinotora chirongwa chemaitiro ekubvisa yakawandisa carburized layer mushure mekuwedzera muganho, maitiro ekubvisa yakawandisa carburized layer inofanirwa kurongeka mushure mekuviga uye kudzima, isati yadzima.
3) Nitriding kurapwa
Nitriding inzira yekupinza maatomu enitrogen muvhu resimbi kuti pawane mutsetse wenitrogen-container compounds. Iyo nitriding layer inogona kuvandudza kuoma, kupfeka kuramba, kuneta simba uye kushora kuramba kwepamusoro pechikamu. Sezvo tembiricha yekurapa nitriding yakadzikira, deformation idiki, uye nitriding layer yakatetepa, kazhinji isingapfuuri 0.6 ~ 0.7mm, iyo nitriding process inofanirwa kurongeka nekunonoka sezvinobvira. Kuti uderedze deformation panguva ye nitriding, zvinowanzotora Kupisa tembiricha yekuzorodza yekushushikana.
Yakarongedzwa naMay Jiang kubva kuMAT Alumin
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-04-2023
